Embracing a Mitigation and Just Transition: Reflections on COP28

The 28th Conference of the Parties (COP28) convened nations, organizations, and activists to address the urgent issue of climate change. Among the key themes that emerged, just transition and effective mitigation took center stage. This article reflects on the discussions and outcomes of COP28, emphasizing the significance of connecting international and local strategies in tackling climate change.

One crucial aspect emphasized at COP28 was the imperative of a just transition and effective mitigation. This entails transitioning to a low-carbon economy while safeguarding workers' livelihoods, addressing economic inequalities, and protecting vulnerable communities. By prioritizing equity and social justice, we can ensure that no one is left behind during the shift towards a sustainable future. To achieve this, the Just Transition Work Program (JTWP) was launched as part of the Sharm el-Sheikh implementation plan. However, differing perspectives between developed and developing countries caused disagreements regarding its focus.

COP28 witnessed the commitment of various nations and regions to reduce emissions and achieve net-zero targets. Notably, the adoption of the Sharm el-Sheikh mitigation ambition and implementation work program (MWP) on the final day marked a significant achievement. This program focuses on expediting the identification of the most effective clean-energy pathways leading up to 2030, drawing from earlier global dialogues on power and transport systems. 

Nevertheless, it is crucial to translate these commitments into tangible actions. Governments must follow through by implementing policies and regulations that support a just transition and enable effective mitigation efforts. However, despite the COP decision calling for a transition away from fossil fuels, it fell short of the necessary "phase-out" required to limit global warming to 1.5°C. Additionally, the financial support provided for the transition was deemed inadequate. In the face of mounting climate challenges, countries worldwide are coming together to combat the impacts of climate change. As the world focuses on sustainable practices, it becomes crucial to align global climate efforts with local policies.

Hong Kong, as a global financial hub, possesses a unique opportunity to demonstrate its commitment to climate action by aligning its climate policy with international commitments like the Paris Agreement. To accelerate the transition to renewable energy sources, Hong Kong must prioritize investments in solar, wind, and other sustainable technologies. By reducing reliance on fossil fuels and lowering greenhouse gas emissions, the city can achieve significant progress in combating climate change. Collaborating with international partners will provide valuable expertise and support in implementing renewable energy projects, reinforcing Hong Kong's commitment to a sustainable future.

As part of its net-zero electricity generation plan, Hong Kong has set a target to phase out coal by 2035. This will be achieved by replacing coal with natural gas and zero-carbon energy sources, including renewables. Embracing innovative solutions like floating solar PV panels on water bodies will further enhance the adoption of renewable energy. Furthermore, expanding the charging infrastructure for electric vehicles, including the establishment of fast-charging stations and battery swap facilities, is of utmost importance in supporting their widespread use and contributing to a cleaner transportation sector. By prioritizing renewable energy and sustainable practices, Hong Kong can lead the way towards a greener and more sustainable future.

Meanwhile, to address the challenges posed by climate change, Hong Kong's climate policy should prioritize measures that enhance climate resilience. Implementing nature-based solutions (NbS) is an effective approach, involving the protection of ecosystems and adaptation to climate change impacts. For instance, the restoration and conservation of wetlands and mangroves, which act as buffers against flooding and support biodiversity, should be prioritized. The Hong Kong government can consider incorporating Nbs into the city’s infrastructure like green roofs, vertical gardens, and urban forests into the city's infrastructure, as they can mitigate the urban heat island effect, improve air quality, and enhance overall climate resilience. These initiatives not only provide environmental benefits but also create more sustainable and livable urban spaces.

Moreover, in line with the urgent calls for climate justice, Hong Kong's climate policy must prioritize equity and social justice. It is crucial to develop measures that ensure climate actions do not exacerbate existing social inequalities, especially for underprivileged communities. These communities are often disproportionately affected by the impacts of climate change, such as extreme weather events. One important aspect is conducting climate risk vulnerability assessments for public health and worker conditions under extreme weather conditions. By conducting these assessments, Hong Kong can identify the communities and individuals most at risk and tailor public health strategies to prevent, mitigate, and respond to these challenges. This may involve implementing heatwave preparedness plans, improving air quality monitoring and management, and enhancing disease surveillance and control measures.

Similarly, assessing the vulnerability of workers under extreme weather conditions is crucial. Climate change can pose occupational health and safety risks, especially in sectors such as construction, agriculture, and outdoor labor. Challenges such as heat stress, increased exposure to hazardous substances, and disruptions to work schedules due to extreme weather events need to be addressed. By conducting climate risk vulnerability assessments, Hong Kong can identify the sectors and occupations most affected and develop measures to protect workers' health and well-being. This may involve implementing heat stress prevention protocols, providing training on climate-related hazards, and ensuring adequate access to protective equipment.

Furthermore, as Hong Kong shifts towards renewable energy and sustainable practices, it is essential to ensure that workers in industries affected by this transition are not left behind. Measures should be implemented to provide training, re-skilling, and job opportunities in emerging green sectors. This approach will support a just transition for workers and contribute to the overall success of Hong Kong's climate policy.

By aligning its climate policy with global climate efforts, Hong Kong can contribute to a sustainable future. The integration of renewable energy solutions, collaboration, community empowerment, and prioritization of equity will position Hong Kong as a leader in climate action. Embracing international best practices and engaging with global networks will inspire positive change locally and globally. Hong Kong has a unique opportunity to showcase its commitment to a sustainable future and contribute to the global movement for a healthier planet as the world comes together to address climate change.